What is Liposuction

tummy tuck pictures

Eliminating excessive fat in the body, natural is only done through diet, exercise and a healthy lifestyle. However, as the development of technology, people find other ways to overcome these problems. This technique is commonly known as liposuction.

Liposuction is a surgery that is done by sucking fat on certain body parts, to get a desirable body shape. The goal of liposuction is not to lose weight, but only used to get beautiful curves.

Liposuction Procedure

Patients who will undergo a liposuction procedure should have optimal health before surgery. Before performing liposuction patients are required to avoid cigarettes and alcohol and not using blood thinning medication. Patients with co morbidities such as diabetes, heart or kidney could basically perform this operation, during the medical examination the patient is in a controlled state.

Liposuction begins by marking certain areas on the body. Parts of the body such as the neck, arms, abdomen, chest, back, hips or thighs are the body area that is often experienced liposuction. The marking process followed by making a small incision in the marking and enter tumescent fluid (a mixture solution of lidocaine, adrenaline, bicnat and NaCl) to facilitate the extraction process and reduce bleeding in patients.

Fat breakdown process can be done by using laser equipment (Vaser), mechanical (Microaire) even manually. After going through the process of extraction, the body will be wrapped by using a special girdle (compress garment) and should continue to be used by patients for 3-6 months. There are also therapeutic uses of Radio Frequency (RF), which can help the healing process of the patient. Compress garment is important to reduce swelling and pain when moving patients.

Fat is removed during the process of liposuction, depends on the amount tumescent fluid given on the patient's body. Patient’s liposuction with local anesthesia process more secure when you get less than 5000 cc of fluid. In this case the patient was discharged without having to go through hospitalization. While if needed more tumescent fluid (more than 5 liters), patients are advised to conduct hospitalization for 1-2 days for observation of postoperative patient's general condition. This procedure can be done if using local or general anesthesia.

Liposuction Side Effects

Liposuction patients typically will not directly change the shape of her body. Precisely swelling and bruising in the area of ​​extraction will occur at 2-3 weeks post-surgery, so as to make the body look bigger. But it will not last long. Usually, the patient will feel the results at one month post-surgery and the best results at 3-6 months post liposuction.

Although the results will be satisfactory, not a liposuction technique also causes complications in the patient's body, such as infection, bleeding, asymmetry, seroma, skin necrosis and death. But the meticulous craftsmanship by experts in the field will keep patients out of it.

Results of liposuction will look best if the patient on a diet and exercise regularly. Diet and a healthy lifestyle should be performed by the patient to prevent the re-occurrence of the accumulation of fat in the body.

Read more...

Canker Sores in Mouth

Canker sores (ulcers afiosa) are an open sore in the mouth that can cause pain, especially when the mouth is moved. Small canker sores with a diameter of less than one centimeter appear frequently in a group of 2 to 3 open sores and will disappear by it within 10 days without scarring. There is also large canker sores which takes many weeks for the healing process. Irregular shape and often leave scars. However, do not worry; this type of canker sores is rare.

Cause of Canker Sores

Although canker sores is often taken for granted, but canker sores can also be a very serious health problem. Here are 8 causes unexpected appearance of canker sores, as reported Boldsky

1. Bitten. This is the most frequent cause of canker sores occur. Usually this happens when you eat in a hurry. So, try to eat slowly and carefully.

2. Spicy foods. Very spicy foods can also cause canker sores. Because excessive eating spicy foods can increase your body heat. The accumulation of body heat in turn can be a cause of canker sores.

3. Injury due to brushing teeth. One of the other reasons for canker sores is to use a toothbrush too hard. If you use low-quality toothbrush, which is known to have a very hard bristles, the inner lining of the mouth you can get injured. It can also cause canker sores.

4. Herpes. Alert, herpes is one of the common viral infections that can also cause canker sores or sores in the mouth.

5. Hot food. When you get used to chew food in hot conditions, then you could be mouth sores and inflammation, so it will be risky to have canker sores. Try to cool your food before putting it in the mouth.

6. Skin irritation. Some chemicals can cause skin irritation which can also make you exposed to canker sores, one of which is the use of a very strong mouthwash.

7. Smoking. Smoking is one of the activities that can cause inflammation in the mouth. If you are a smoker and frequent canker sores, you should consult a doctor because it could be a symptom of oral cancer.

8. Deficiency of vitamin C. The most common causes of canker sores are caused by vitamin C deficiency, which causes the gums to bleed very easily.

Symptoms of Canker Sores

Pictures of Canker Sores

Canker sores can appear in the form of a small, large, or in large quantities. Canker sores can also appear repeatedly called recurrent or phrase.

Before the ulcer lesions, inflamed area usually feel sores like a punctured or burned. After 2 or 3 days later ulcer lesions formed on the inflamed area. The pain of Canker sores are small will usually disappear between 7 to 10 days, and these lesions will recover completely in 1 to 2 weeks. However, if the lesion size is quite large Canker sores lesion usually takes anywhere from a few weeks to several months to heal.

Canker sores that do not heal within 1 week you should immediately consult with your dentist. Because there are some other more dangerous diseases that form lesions similar to Canker sores, including dangerous diseases such as oral cancer.

How to Treat Canker Sores

Canker sores treatment is more focused on the reduction of pain symptoms. Gargling with warm water and eat soft foods can reduce the discomfort of canker sores.

Some medications are applied to the lesions can also protect from irritation lesions, including drugs Orabase. If necessary, the dentist may prescribe these drugs.

Rinsing with an antimicrobial mouthwash can also be done to prevent lesions from infection, so the healing process will be faster.

To accelerate Canker sores healing period you can also consume vitamin C plays a role in tissue repair.

For Canker sores are large enough, the lesions are usually treated by applying steroid drugs. These drugs can accelerate the healing process and prevent the lesions getting bigger.

Read more...

What is Bone Marrow Cancer

Disease of bone marrow cancer is rare. The disease mostly affects people aged around 50-70 years. Cases of bone marrow cancer that is most common metastasis, which is cancer originating from other parts of the body and spread to the spine. When cancer spreads or originated in this area, usually affecting one or more parts of the bone marrow. If someone developed a bone marrow cancer, either primary or secondary, it will show different symptoms of the disease.

Bone marrow cancer will lead to the destruction of all bone cells. Even worse would be to attack the bone marrow, and even lower bone was affected. Patients with bone marrow cancer feel a sense of a very sick, tired, less sensitivity, and worse still we will be paralyzed.

Disease of bone marrow cancer often appears without symptoms, but some people feel the constant pain in the bones. The pain can be a shooting pain feeling faint or sharp pain in the lower back which then spread to the buttocks and legs. Painkillers or anti-inflammatory used to control symptoms and other treatment (bisphosphonate drugs) may be given to slow the progression of the disease.

Symptoms of Bone Marrow Cancer

The most common sign of bone marrow cancer is pain in the neck or back. The pain will be persistent and accompanied by other symptoms. This pain can be just in the rear area; can also spread to other limbs.

Development depends only on the location of the abnormal growth. If a small amount of cancer causing inflammation and irritation, pain usually remains behind.

If the bone marrow cancer hit a nerve, pain diffuses out into "branches" are related. No matter the source of pain, spinal cancer causing chronic discomfort.

Bone marrow cancer can also cause incontinence. This is very similar to the symptoms of weakness, due to pressure on certain nerves in the spinal cord that are responsible for controlling the performance of the bladder and bowel.

If the impulse is interrupted, can cause a person to lose control of their bladder, bowel, or both.

Bone Marrow Cancer Stages

Stages of cell growth of bone marrow cancer, beginning with the growth of plasma cells, which is one part of the white blood cells in the bone marrow that is not normal. The plasma cells in normal conditions are necessary, because it produces proteins called antibodies, as part of the immune system.

In patients with myeloma, plasma cells exceeding normal levels. Than five percent plasma cells in the bone marrow should be, in cancer patients the levels can be two-fold.

These abnormal plasma cells are not only dwells in the bone marrow, but also in other parts of the body, and are often found in the pelvis, ribs, and skull-bones as it is called multiple myeloma. Antibodies produced increased, too.

Had abnormal antibodies accumulate in the blood or urine, sometimes found also in areas other than bone, such as in the lungs and reproductive organs. Fraction of abnormal antibodies (Bence-Jones protein) often accumulates in the kidneys, damaging and lead to kidney failure.

In addition, patients have anemia, because normal cells producing red blood cells in the spinal cord replaced by abnormal cells. Which thickens the blood (hyper viscosity syndrome) can also affect blood flow to the brain, skin, fingers and toes, and nose.

Along with the development of cancer of the spine, a person may suffer from paralysis. Depending on the severity of the cancer, paralysis can be isolated to one limb.

Determine the size and location of the growth of the number of paralysis, because the cancer can get to the point where the nerves seem to break or lesion has been formed on the nerve itself.

Myeloma treatments such as chemotherapy are done these days limited to prevent or reduce the symptoms and complications, slow disease progression, and destroy the abnormal plasma cells.

In addition to chemotherapy, stem cell therapy is known as a way to reduce and bone marrow cancer. Cancer that has lost it's going to show up again.

The bone marrow cancer is one of the rarest diseases in the world. Imagine only 2-3 people per 100,000 people who may be exposed to this cancer. The cause and the remedy have not been found.

Read more...

Blood Donation Restrictions

Blood Donations

Donor selection is done with the aim to protect the health of donors by ensuring that the donation is not hazardous to health, and to protect recipients from the risk of infectious disease or other adverse effects. (6.7)

Eligible donors aged 18-65 years, with a minimum weight of 50 kg. Body temperature should not be more than 37.5 C. Pulse should be regular, shows no sign of cardiac abnormalities with a frequency of 50-100 beats per minute. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure should not exceed 180 mmHg and 100 mmHg. Hb level at least for males 13.5 g / dl for women and 12.5 g / dl. (8.9)

Frequency of blood donation usually 2-3 times a year with donations volume should not exceed 13% of blood volume to prevent vasovagal reactions. (9)

Sometimes a person who donated blood for the first time became unconscious after donation. This usually occurs in donors with anxiety, hot weather, and no previous history of fainting spells. Usually unconscious as it is not complicated, but can be bad if it happened after the donor leaves the treatment room. (10)

Read more...

About the Blood Test

Blood samples

Venous blood samples should be taken from the side that is not being infused. If difficult to do, should be taken from the infusion line 5 cc origin who smoked should be removed first. Because the liquid mixture will interfere with serologic reactions. Only later taken without being given 5 cc subsequent anti coagulants sent a blood sample. To reduce hemolysis, blood samples should be taken from a vein easily dipunksi, using needle #22 or #21, and had to suck slowly. (12)

Performed tests ABO blood group system by erythrocytes in tests with antisera against antigenic Anti-A and Anti-B (slide test). In Rh (+) is almost 100%. The above tests should be done at room temperature or cooler (20-22°C). Because at 37°C the reaction becomes weak also be tested against infectious disease agents such as syphilis, HBsAg, anti-HCV. And anti-HIV 1 and 2. (8, 9, 12)

Because almost all of the population has Rh (+). At the very urgent circumstances transfusion if there is not the same blood type, can be used PRC type blood group O. (12)

Major cross-examination, performed by checking serum recipients with donor erythrocytes to detect recipient antibodies that can cause lysis of erythrocytes donor and cause hemolytic transfusion reactions. Minor cross-examination, checking serum donors with recipient’s erythrocytes. Both cross-linking reaction, was done in three phases: 0.9% NaCl medium, albumin, and Coombs, entirely takes 2 hours. (12)

Read more...

Definition of Acupuncture

The term acupuncture comes from two Latin words: acus (needle) and pungere (stab). Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese therapy technique, which involves the placement of solid needles at precise locations on the body.

Acupuncture Techniques

Acupuncture Techniques functions

The function of acupuncture techniques are:

• Improve symptoms
• Treat disease
• Creating health 

History of Acupuncture

Strong sensory stimulation involving needles techniques and scarification has been used to reduce pain throughout history. The exact date of the origin of the first use of acupuncture for some reason is not clear, where the stone needles or bian shi, originally used in the stone age. Bone needles have been found in the start of the 21th century to the 16th century BC in the Xia Dynasty.

For more than 30 years, found an increase in interest in acupuncture in the West, where the used disposable needles are smooth to help various non-pain conditions and pain. This is partly due to the growing disappointment with drug therapy and a variety of side effects (including mortality) and partly because increased neurophysiologic basis and clinical evidence base deeply about the ways it works.

Despite the increased acceptance of acupuncture in between the public and the medical profession, most doctors still consider the lack of objective information about acupuncture. Fault in terms of the beliefs that are not supported by scientific evidence, based on the still widespread well.

There are various methods in humans and animals, including a variety approaches of traditional Chinese and Western, using manual acupuncture (manual acupuncture = MA) or electro-acupuncture (electro-acupuncture = EA). In humans, acupuncture is now mostly used for pain relief, but increased it's role in handling various forms of non-pain conditions.

Article source: The Anesthesia CKLB

Read more...

Blood Transfusion Techniques in Practice

Blood Transfusion Techniques - Before transfusion, check once again the nature and type of the blood and blood compatibility between donor and patient. Patients prepared with the installation of large-bore IV # 16-18. Needle that is too small (# 23-25) can cause hemolysis. (9.10)

Transfusion is done with the transfusion set that has a filter to block fibrin clots and other debris particles. Transfusion sets have standard sieve and pore size 170 microns. In normal circumstances, a transfusion set can be used for 2 to 4 units of blood. (8.9) Best vein for cannulation of venous blood is on the hands and on the dorsal part of the upper arm. In an emergency can be done to ensure smooth venesection and transfusion rate. (5.11)

Time taking blood from the fridge, watch plasma. If there are signs of hemolysis (dark brown, turbid) should not be given. Transfused blood will not have to remain in the refrigerator. (6.7)

Blood Transfusion Techniques

Before transfusion, given first 50-100 mL of NaCl physiological. Do not use other solvents because it can be detrimental. Dextrose solution and hypotonic saline solution can cause hemolysis. Ringer's lactate or other calcium-containing solution will cause coagulation. (6.8) Do not add any medication into the blood transfused. The drugs have different pH which can cause hemolysis, transfusion reactions occur anyway if it would be difficult to determine whether it was caused by the drug or due to transfused blood. (8.10)

If a large amount of blood to be transfused within a short time, it is necessary to warm blood, because blood is cold will lead to ventricular arrhythmias and even death. Blood warmed with hot water should be at a temperature of 37-39oC. Because when over 40 ° C, erythrocytes will be damaged. (5) In the first 100 ml of whole blood administration should be scrutinized carefully and slowly given to the possibility of early detection of transfusion reactions. (5,6,8)

Drain blood transfusion sets in 1 ml of 20 drops. Fastest rate that can be achieved is 60 ml per minute. (11) The rate of transfusion depends on the cardiopulmonary status of the recipient. If normal cardiopulmonary status, it can be given 10-15 ml/kgBB within 2-4 hours. If there is no safe limit hemovolemia the transfusion was 1 ml / kg / hour (1 unit approximately 3 hours) or 1000 ml in 24 hours. (4.12) But if there is heart failure that threatens the transfused should not exceed 2 ml/kgBB/hour. (3) since the blood is an ideal culture medium for bacteria, preferably one unit of blood transfusion cannot exceed 5 hours due to the increased risk of bacterial proliferation. (6,8,12)

Cases with massive bleeding sometimes it takes transfusion rapid up to 6-7 bag in half an hour. Having looked improved circulation is reduced to 1 bag per 15 minutes. (5.6)

Not recommended giving antihistamines, antipiretika, or diuretics are routinely before transfusion to prevent a reaction. Reaction heat is basically a sign that there was a danger of transfusion reactions. Diuretics only required in patients with chronic anemia who need transfusions to 20 ml/kgBB in 24 hours. (12)

Ways of Improving Blood Transfusion Speed​​: (9.11)

1. Put a bottle of blood as high as possible. Causes an increase of 2 times the speed of transfusion increased 2 times anyway.
2. Use a needle or cannula as possible.
3. Increases blood pressure by pumping air into the bottle.
4. With blood-pumping blood inside the catheter below.

Read more...